Hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers are injectable viscoelastic gels composed of cross-linked HA, a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue. They are used to restore facial volume, enhance contour, and improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. HA fillers are biocompatible, non-immunogenic, and fully resorbable over time, making them a safe and effective option for facial rejuvenation.
Hyaluronic acid functions as a hydrophilic molecule capable of binding up to 1,000 times its weight in water. When injected into soft tissue planes, HA attracts and retains moisture, creating immediate volume and hydration. Cross-linking technology affects the filler’s viscosity, cohesivity, and longevity. Over time, HA is metabolized by endogenous hyaluronidase and natural degradation pathways.
HA fillers are indicated for both superficial and deep dermal applications. Common treatment areas include:
Filler selection is based on rheologic properties including G′ (elastic modulus), cohesivity, and particle size. Depth of injection and anatomical structure are critical for achieving natural results and avoiding complications. All procedures are performed under sterile technique. Potential adverse events include bruising, edema, nodule formation, vascular occlusion, and hypersensitivity reactions. Reversal is possible with hyaluronidase in the case of overcorrection or adverse effects.
Hyaluronic acid dermal fillers offer a versatile, safe, and non-surgical option for facial rejuvenation. With appropriate patient selection and expert technique, results are immediate, customizable, and long-lasting—typically ranging from 6 to 18 months depending on the product and area treated.
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